Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition that affects nearly half of all women at some point in life. It occurs when the muscles and connective tissues that support the pelvic organs become weakened or stretched, allowing one or more organs—such as the bladder, uterus, or rectum—to drop into or press against the vaginal wall. While not life-threatening, prolapse can cause discomfort, pressure, and urinary or bowel changes. At Care for Womens Medical Group, we provide comprehensive, compassionate care to help restore pelvic support, comfort, and confidence.

What Is Pelvic Organ Prolapse?

Pelvic organ prolapse develops when the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments lose their normal strength or elasticity, causing organs to shift downward.

The main types of prolapse include:

• Cystocele (bladder prolapse): The bladder bulges into the front wall of the vagina
• Rectocele (rectal prolapse): The rectum pushes into the back wall of the vagina
• Uterine prolapse: The uterus descends into the vaginal canal
• Vaginal vault prolapse: The top of the vagina drops, often after hysterectomy
• Enterocele: The small intestine pushes into the upper vaginal wall

Some women may experience multiple forms of prolapse simultaneously.

Common Symptoms

Symptoms vary based on the type and severity of prolapse. You may experience:

• A sensation of pressure, heaviness, or fullness in the pelvis
• A visible or palpable bulge in the vaginal area
• Feeling of “something falling out” of the vagina
• Urinary leakage or difficulty emptying the bladder
• Frequent urinary tract infections
• Constipation or incomplete bowel movements
• Discomfort or pain during intercourse
• Lower back or pelvic aching

Symptoms often worsen after prolonged standing, lifting, or physical activity and may improve when lying down.

Causes and Risk Factors

Pelvic organ prolapse often results from a combination of increased pressure on the pelvic floor and weakened support structures. Common risk factors include:

• Vaginal childbirth (especially multiple or difficult deliveries)
• Aging and menopause, due to decreased estrogen and tissue elasticity
• Chronic coughing, constipation, or heavy lifting
• Obesity
• Genetic predisposition or connective tissue disorders
• Previous pelvic surgery, including hysterectomy

Although age increases risk, prolapse is not an inevitable part of getting older—effective treatments are available at every stage.

When to See a Provider

You should schedule a visit if you:

• Notice a bulge or sensation of pressure in your vaginal area
• Experience urinary or bowel changes
• Feel discomfort during intimacy
• Have a family history of prolapse and are developing symptoms

Early diagnosis helps prevent worsening and allows for more treatment options.

Diagnosis

Your provider will begin with a pelvic exam to assess the type and degree of prolapse. Additional tests may include:

• Urinalysis or bladder testing to evaluate urinary function
• Pelvic ultrasound to visualize organ position and tissue health
• MRI for complex or surgical cases

We’ll also discuss your symptoms, lifestyle, and goals to guide your treatment plan. Sharing when your symptoms began and whether they have progressed helps us tailor care to your needs.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the severity of prolapse, your symptoms, and your personal and reproductive goals.

Conservative (Nonsurgical) Options:

• Pelvic floor physical therapy to strengthen muscles and restore support
• Pessary device—a removable support that holds pelvic organs in place
• Lifestyle adjustments, including weight management, avoiding heavy lifting, and addressing chronic cough or constipation
• Topical vaginal estrogen to improve tissue strength and elasticity in postmenopausal women

Surgical Options:

• Vaginal or laparoscopic repair of the affected organ
• Uterine suspension or hysterectomy for uterine prolapse
• Mesh procedures (used selectively and with careful counseling based on current safety guidelines)

Your provider will help you choose the most effective and comfortable treatment option for your health and lifestyle.

You Don’t Have to Live With Prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse is common, but it doesn’t have to disrupt your quality of life. With personalized care, most women find lasting relief and improved confidence.

Schedule an appointment with Care for Womens Medical Group today to explore your options and take the first step toward pelvic health and comfort.