Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States are on the rise. Although many STIs are preventable, there are more than 20 million estimated new cases in the United States each year. Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) continue to be the most common STIs experienced.
Here is a closer look at the ins and outs of different STIs and steps that can be taken to stay safe.
Gonorrhea and Chlamydia
Chlamydia and Gonorrhea are two STIs that share many common traits. These STI’s can be contracted through oral, genital, or anal sex and co-infection with both Chlamydia and gonorrhea is quite common. Individuals who have been infected usually show no signs or symptoms. If symptoms are present, these include pain or burning during urination, an abnormal discharge from the penis, vagina, or anus or swelling in the testicles. It is important that any infection gets treated immediately. This is particularly important for women who may experience long term gynelogical effects from an untreated chlamydia or gonorrhea infection. These infections can be treated with a course of antibiotics.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
HPV is the most common STI in the United States. There were about 43 million HPV infections in 2018, many among people in their late teens and early 20s. HPV can be passed between sexually active adults via vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Most people infected with HPV will have no symptoms but in some cases, genital warts may appear as a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area. There is no treatment for HPV itself but your health provider can prescribe medications to help with genital warts.
Syphilis
Syphilis is a less well-known STI but as with other sexually transmitted infections, it can cause major health problems if left untreated. Anyone can get syphilis through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Infection with syphilis does not always produce symptoms but if symptoms do occur, this first shows up as a painless, round, and red sore that can appear anywhere— typically on the genitals, rectum or mouth. If you have reason to suspect that you may have contracted syphilis, be sure to see your doctor immediately. Antibiotics taken at the very early stages of infection (ie. first 3-6 weeks) is the only way to prevent the disease from progressing.
Trichomonas
Trichomonas, caused by the parasite trichomonas vaginalis is an STI that usually occurs without symptoms. Only 30% of people develop will symptoms after infection. If symptoms are present, they usually appear as large amounts of yellow-green vaginal discharge and pain during sexual intercourse.
Testing for an STI
Regular testing for an STI is the single best way to find out if you have been infected. Because the most commonly transmitted STIs do not always have symptoms, testing may be the only way to determine if you carry the infection. Routine STI testing is particularly important if:
- You’re in a new relationship with a new partner.
- You’re sexually active but not in a mutually monogamous relationship.
- You exhibit any symptoms of a STI mentioned above such as: genital itching, rashes in the genital area or abnormal discharge
Avoiding STIs
- Condom usage – the most common STIs are transmitted via sexual contact and bodily secretions. Condoms are one of the most effective ways of reducing your risk of infection
- Sex toys – If you use sex toys, it is best not to share them
- Regular STI testing -Get tested regularly, at least once every 6 months if you are sexually active adult.