Endometriosis is a medical condition where cells that line the inside of the uterus are found in places like the fallopian tubes, ovaries or the pelvis instead. Highly specialized cells line the inside of the uterus so when they’re found in places outside of this environment it can lead to symptoms and complications. Endometriosis can be an incredibly painful condition. Its presence can affect our physical and medical wellbeing. Fortunately, effective treatments are available.
Symptoms of Endometriosis
Each woman will experience the symptoms of endometriosis differently. Symptoms usually occur around the time of menstruation but they can occur at other points too. Symptoms may include:
- Painful periods – this is the most common symptom of endometriosis. Pelvic pain and cramping may begin before and during the menstrual period. Pain may also be felt in the lower back and abdomen.
- Pelvic pain that often coincides with periods.
- Heavy menstrual periods.
- Painful intercourse.
- Pain during bowel movements or urination – most likely to be experienced during a menstrual period.
Women who have had one or more of these symptoms should speak to their doctor as soon as possible.
It is important to note that some women with endometriosis will experience no symptoms. For others, infertility or difficulty getting pregnant may be the first sign of endometriosis that they encounter.
Risk factors of Endometriosis
Doctors and scientists are still not certain what causes endometriosis but the following factors are thought to increase a woman’s chance of developing the condition..
- Women who have a first-degree relative (mother, sister, daughter) with endometriosis.
- Women who give birth for the first time after age 30.
- Women with an abnormal uterus.
Diagnosis
Endometriosis can be diagnosed by your doctor with the help of a full medical history and examination. In some cases, diagnostic tests such as a laparoscopy may be used. An ultrasound or blood test may also be recommended to rule out other possible causes of your symptoms.
Treatment
The treatment of endometriosis will be based on the severity of your symptoms, severity of the disease and your wish to have children in the future. Treatment options range from medications to surgery. All options, their risks and benefits will always be discussed in full with patients.
General treatment for endometriosis may include:
- “Watchful waiting” or observation to see how symptoms progress over a few weeks or months.
- Pain medication -medication such as Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (eg. ibuprofen) or other over-the-counter analgesics may be used to help control pain.
- Other medications such as contraceptives or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists may be recommended to help manage symptoms of pelvic pain, heavy menstrual cycles or cramping that occurs during your period.
- Conservative surgery – this option is reserved in cases where other management options have failed. It may also be used for women that are having difficulties becoming pregnant due to their endometriosis.
Endometriosis and fertility
Endometriosis can lead to trouble conceiving. Unfortunately, some women may not realize they have endometriosis until they speak to a doctor about issues conceiving and only after diagnostic testing. Women with endometriosis can still become pregnant. Prompt diagnosis and various management options can help women overcome this challenge.
Prognosis
When present, endometriosis should always be addressed and treated. Left untreated, endometriosis can lead to problems with future fertility or cause pregnancy complications. An early diagnosis can provide appropriate treatment and help stop complications from occurring.