Trying to determine the right type of contraceptive to use is not always simple. For your own personal needs, the right contraceptive should take into account your medical history, lifestyle requirements, relationship status, and desire to get pregnant in the near future. Additionally, the right contraceptive will change from time to time as these factors shift. So, it’s always a good idea to review your contraceptive options every so often.
The following is a brief summary of different contraceptive choices that are available.
Types of Contraceptives
When deciding on a contraceptive method, you’ll find a variety of options available, such as pills, patches, injections, implants, and intrauterine devices (IUDs). In theory, all contraceptive methods are effective at preventing unwanted pregnancy. But in practice, it is the correct usage of a contraceptive that makes all the difference. That’s why it is important to choose an option that can be incorporated into your lifestyle easily. Here is a list of different types of contraception.
Pills
Birth control pills are a popular and widely used contraceptive method due to their convenience and effectiveness. Pills are taken daily, at the same time each day, to maintain a steady release of hormones. Typically, the pill pack includes 21 active pills containing hormones plus seven inactive pills, allowing for a menstrual period.
When taken consistently and correctly, pills are over 91% effective at preventing unwanted pregnancy. Additionally, birth control pills also offer other benefits, such as regulating menstrual cycles, reducing menstrual cramps, and managing acne.
Patch
The contraceptive patch is a small square patch (~5cm by 5cm) that is worn on the skin in a discrete area such as the upper arm or back. It prevents pregnancy by releasing the hormones estrogen and progestogen through the skin. The patch is replaced each week and then removed during the fourth week to allow a menstrual cycle to start. With typical use, the patch is approximately 91% effective at preventing pregnancy. Many women choose the patch for its convenience and ease of use. It requires less daily attention compared to taking a pill.
Injection
The contraceptive injection is a hormonal birth control option that involves a single injection lasting three months. With around 94% effectiveness, the shot is administered four times a year, usually at a doctor’s office. This method is often chosen by women seeking a low-maintenance birth control solution that doesn’t require daily attention. It’s popular among those who prefer not to take a daily pill or change a patch weekly.
Implant
An implant is a long-acting type of birth control. With this form of birth control, a matchstick-sized implant is inserted in the upper arm. The implant slowly releases contraceptive hormones for up to three years. It can be removed at any time. The implant is one of the more low-maintenance birth control methods available. The Nexplanon implant is almost 100% effective.
Intrauterine device (IUD)
The IUD is a small, t-shaped device that is placed into the uterus and lasts from 3-12 years,
depending on the brand. IUDs are 99% effective at preventing unwanted pregnancy. Once the IUD has been inserted, women do not need to take any further steps to prevent pregnancy. The IUD can be removed at any time, and pregnancy may happen quickly after. Although insertion of an IUD is a relatively quick process, be mindful that it can be painful.
Diaphragm
A diaphragm is a form of contraception known as a barrier method. It is a round, flexible rubber device that is placed in the vagina to cover the cervix. Placement of the diaphragm prevents semen from entering the uterus. For effective use, it is essential to pair the diaphragm with spermicide.
Vaginal ring
A vaginal ring is placed in the vagina near the cervix and slow-releases contraceptive hormones for three weeks at a time. It is then removed for one week to allow the menstrual period to begin. Vaginal rings need to be replaced monthly and can be 91% effective.
Tubal ligation
Tubal ligation is a form of permanent sterilization. It is usually recommended for women who have completed their families and no longer wish to have more children. It may also be recommended in rare cases where a potential pregnancy might significantly harm the life of a mother or impair her well-being. The procedure itself involves the fallopian tubes (the connection between the ovaries and uterus) being cut, tied, or blocked to permanently prevent pregnancy.
What to consider when choosing birth control
The following factors should be considered when choosing a contraceptive method that will best suit your needs:
A preference for short-acting, long-acting, or permanent birth control methods
- Short-acting methods such as birth control pills, patches, or injections are used on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis.
- Long-acting methods such as the copper IUD, hormonal IUD, or implant last for 3-10 years after insertion. Long-acting methods are more appropriate when the desire to have kids is not a factor in the foreseeable future.
Your lifestyle requirements and personal needs
This includes various factors that will make choosing one form of contraceptive more appropriate than another.
- Ease and timing of use of the contraceptive
- Your family planning goals
- Potential side effects or allergies
- Your ability to take pills on a routine and regular basis
- If you are breast-feeding
- If your menstrual periods are very heavy or painful
- Cost
Make an appointment to speak to your doctor
Schedule an appointment with your doctor to discuss the best birth control option for you. Your doctor will listen to your personal preferences and consider important factors such as your medical history and current health status. They can also offer guidance on issues around birth control side effects, family planning and gynecological health.
